tartar

英 ['tɑːtə] 美 ['tɑrtɚ]

解释

n. 鞑靼人（蒙古人和突厥人）；凶悍的人；难对付的人
adj. 鞑靼的

※ 提供单词"tartar"的中文意思、发音示范及音标对照，中英文词源、例句和用法等。

中文词源

tartar 酒石，牙石，牙垢

来自希腊语 tartaron,酿酒后覆盖于酒桶的沉淀物，酒石，可能最终来自闪语。引申词义牙石，牙垢。

Tartar 鞑靼，暴君，残暴者

来自拉丁语 Tartarus,鞑靼人，蒙古人，来自波斯语 Tatar,鞑靼，特别是用于指成吉思汗，最终来自 Tata,鞑靼，蒙古族自称。由于 13 世纪，成吉思汗横扫欧洲，给欧洲人留下了极强的心理阴影，因而引申诸多野蛮词义。其拼写受到原拉丁语 Tartarus 影响。

英文词源

tartar (n.): "bitartrate of potash" (a deposit left during fermentation), late 14c., from Old French tartre, from Medieval Latin tartarum, from late Greek tartaron "tartar encrusting the sides of wine casks," perhaps of Semitic origin, but if so the exact source has not been identified. The purified substance is cream of tartar. Used generally in 17c. of encrustations from liquid contact; specific meaning "encrustation on teeth" (calcium phosphate) is first recorded 1806.
Tartar: mid-14c. (implied in Tartary, "the land of the Tartars"), from Medieval Latin Tartarus, from Persian Tatar, first used 13c. in reference to the hordes of Ghengis Khan (1202-1227), said to be ultimately from Tata, a name of the Mongols for themselves. Form in European languages probably influenced by Latin Tartarus "hell" (e.g. letter of St. Louis of France, 1270: "In the present danger of the Tartars either we shall push them back into the Tartarus whence they are come, or they will bring us all into heaven").

The historical word for what now are called in ethnological works Tatars. A Turkic people, their native region was east of the Caspian Sea. Ghengis' horde was a mix of Tatars, Mongols, Turks, etc. Used figuratively for "savage, rough, irascible person" (1660s). To catch a Tartar "get hold of what cannot be controlled" is recorded from 1660s; original sense not preserved, but probably from some military story similar to the old battlefield joke:
Irish soldier (shouting from within the brush): I've captured one of the enemy.
Captain: Excellent! Bring him here.
Soldier: He won't come.
Captain: Well, then, you come here.
Soldier: I would, but he won't let me.
Among the adjectival forms that have been used are Tartarian (16c.), Tartarous (Ben Jonson), Tartarean (17c.); Byron's Tartarly (1821) is a nonce-word (but a good one). Tartar sauce is first recorded 1855, from French sauce tartare.

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例句和用法

1. You are hereby appointed Sub-Lieutenant RNVR of HMS Tartar.: 你被任命为皇家海军舰艇“鞑靼人”号的皇家海军志愿后备队中尉。

2. She can be quite a tartar.: 她有时真是个悍妇。

3. The central Tartar city gate ( the Chienmen ), was still in its original form.: 内城中央的城门 ( 前门 ) 仍旧保持着原来的样子.

4. He sat silent still caressing Tartar , who slobbered with exceeding affection.: 他不声不响地坐在那里,不断抚摸着鞑靼, 它由于获得超常的爱抚而不淌口水.

5. A Colonel Azizov, a swarthy, sardonic, pipe - smoking Tartar, awaited Levchenko.: 一个叫阿基佐夫的上校, 在等着列夫钦科. 他皮肤黝黑, 面带讥讽表情, 嘴里叼着烟斗, 是个鞑靼人.