tar

英 [tɑː] 美 [tɑr]

CET6TEM4IELTS考研

解释

n. 焦油；柏油；水手
vt. 涂以焦油；玷污
n. (Tar)人名；(东南亚国家华语)大；(罗、塞、匈、阿拉伯)塔尔

※ 提供单词"tar"的中文意思、发音示范及音标对照，中英文词源、例句和用法等。

中文词源

tar 胶油，沥青

来自古英语 teru,树脂，树胶，沥青，来自 Proto-Germanic*terwo,橡树，树，来自 PIE*deru, 橡树，树，词源同 tree,dentrology.

英文词源

tar: tar: [OE] Tar is etymologically a substance produced from ‘trees’. The word goes back via a prehistoric Germanic *terw- (source also of German and Dutch teer, Swedish tjära, and Danish tjære) to Indo-European *drew- ‘tree’ (source of English tree) – the original application of the word evidently having been to the tarry resins produced by conifers. (The tar [17] of Jack tar ‘sailor’ is short for tarpaulin [17], a compound noun probably formed from tar and pall ‘covering’.)
=> tree, trough
tar (n.1): a viscous liquid, Old English teoru, teru "tar, bitumen, resin, gum," literally "the pitch of (certain kinds of) trees," from Proto-Germanic *terwo- (cognates: Old Norse tjara, Old Frisian tera, Middle Dutch tar, Dutch teer, German Teer), probably a derivation of *trewo-, from PIE *derw-, variant of root *deru-, *dreu- in its sense "wood, tree" (see tree (n.)).

Tar baby "a sticky problem," also a derogatory term for "black person," is from an 1881 "Uncle Remus" story by Joel Chandler Harris. Tarheel for "North Carolina resident" first recorded 1864, probably from the gummy resin of pine woods. Tar water, an infusion of tar in cold water, was popular as a remedy from c. 1740 through late 18c.
tar (n.2): also Jack Tar, "sailor," 1670s, probably a special use of tar (n.1), which stuff was a staple for waterproofing aboard old ships (sailors also being jocularly called knights of the tarbrush); or possibly a shortened form of tarpaulin, which was recorded as a nickname for a sailor in 1640s, from the tarpaulin garments they wore.
tar (v.): late Old English, "to smear with tar," from tar (n.1). To tar and feather (1769) was famously a mob action in America in Revolutionary times (used by both sides) and several decades thereafter. The punishment itself first is found in an ordinance of Richard I (1189) as the penalty in the Crusader navy for theft. Among other applications over the years was its use in 1623 by a bishop on "a party of incontinent friars and nuns" [OED], but the verbal phrase is not attested until 18c. Related: Tarred; tarring.

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例句和用法

1. The roof was covered with tar.: 屋顶涂抹了一层沥青.

2. The pipe is caked with tar.: 烟斗里渍了很多油子.

3. Frequently UNIX files are archived and compressed and have names such as blurfle. tar. Z.: 通常被归档和压缩的UNIX文件有象blurfle. tar. z这样的名字.

4. They drove across the river to New Hampshire on a hot tar road.: 他们沿着一条滚烫的柏油路开过了河，来到新罕布什尔州。

5. The oil has hardened to tar.: 油已经硬化成柏油了。