slave

英 [sleɪv] 美 [slev]

CET4TEM4考研CET6

解释

n. 奴隶；从动装置
vi. 苦干；拼命工作
n. (Slave)人名；(塞、罗)斯拉韦

※ 提供单词"slave"的中文意思、发音示范及音标对照，中英文词源、例句和用法等。

中文词源

slave 奴隶，贩卖奴隶

来自拉丁语 Sclavus,奴隶，原义为斯拉夫人。因在中世纪时斯拉夫人大量沦为奴隶而引申该词义。

英文词源

slave: slave: [13] The word slave commemorates the fate of the Slavic people in the past, reduced by conquest to a state of slavery. For ultimately slave and Slav are one and the same. The earliest record we have of the ethnic name is as Slavic Sloveninu, a word of unknown origin borrowed by Byzantine Greek as Sklábos and passed on to medieval Latin as Sclavus. It was this that was turned into a generic term sclavus ‘slave’, which passed into English via Old French esclave.
slave (n.): late 13c., "person who is the chattel or property of another," from Old French esclave (13c.), from Medieval Latin Sclavus "slave" (source also of Italian schiavo, French esclave, Spanish esclavo), originally "Slav" (see Slav); so used in this secondary sense because of the many Slavs sold into slavery by conquering peoples.
This sense development arose in the consequence of the wars waged by Otto the Great and his successors against the Slavs, a great number of whom they took captive and sold into slavery. [Klein]
Meaning "one who has lost the power of resistance to some habit or vice" is from 1550s. Applied to devices from 1904, especially those which are controlled by others (compare slave jib in sailing, similarly of locomotives, flash bulbs, amplifiers). Slave-driver is attested from 1807; extended sense of "cruel or exacting task-master" is by 1854. Slate state in U.S. history is from 1812. Slave-trade is attested from 1734.

Old English Wealh "Briton" also began to be used in the sense of "serf, slave" c.850; and Sanskrit dasa-, which can mean "slave," apparently is connected to dasyu- "pre-Aryan inhabitant of India." Grose's dictionary (1785) has under Negroe "A black-a-moor; figuratively used for a slave," without regard to race. More common Old English words for slave were þeow (related to þeowian "to serve") and þræl (see thrall). The Slavic words for "slave" (Russian rab, Serbo-Croatian rob, Old Church Slavonic rabu) are from Old Slavic *orbu, from the PIE root *orbh- (also source of orphan), the ground sense of which seems to be "thing that changes allegiance" (in the case of the slave, from himself to his master). The Slavic word is also the source of robot.
slave (v.): 1550s, "to enslave," from slave (n.). The meaning "work like a slave" is first recorded 1719. Related: Slaved; slaving.
Slave: Indian tribe of northwestern Canada, 1789, from slave (n.), translating Cree (Algonquian) awahkan "captive, slave."

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例句和用法

1. Liverpool grew fat on the basis of the slave trade.: 利物浦是靠奴隶贸易肥起来的。

2. It was infamous as a kingdom of brigands, scoundrels, and slave-traders.: 该地区因土匪、无赖和奴隶贩子猖獗而声名狼藉。

3. The story tells of a runaway slave girl in Louisiana, circa 1850.: 故事大约发生在1850年，讲的是路易斯安那州一个逃跑的年轻女奴。

4. She treated her daughter like a slave.: 她对待女儿像对待奴隶一样。

5. Huge palaces were built by slave labour.: 宏伟的宫殿是奴隶建成的。