sin

英 [sɪn] 美 [sɪn]

解释

n. 罪恶；罪孽；过失
vi. 犯罪；犯过失
vt. 犯罪
n. (Sin)人名；(罗)西恩；(匈)欣；(柬、阿拉伯)辛；(缅)信

※ 提供单词"sin"的中文意思、发音示范及音标对照，中英文词源、例句和用法等。

中文词源

sin 罪，罪行，过失，过错

来自古英语 sinn, 伤害，有罪，罪行，来自 Proto-Germanic*sundijo, 罪，罪行，来自 Proto-Germanic*sunjo,真实，事实，来自 PIE*sent,真实的，存在的，来自 PIE*es,是，存在，词源同 is,essence,sooth.

英文词源

sin: sin: [OE] Sin comes from a prehistoric Germanic *sunjō, a close relative of which produced German sünde, Dutch zonde, and Swedish and Danish synd ‘sin’. It is not altogether clear what its ultimate origins were, but it has been linked with Latin sōns ‘guilty’, and also with English sooth ‘truth’ and Sanskrit satya- ‘real, true’, as if its ancestral meaning were ‘(truly) guilty’.
sin (n.): Old English synn "moral wrongdoing, injury, mischief, enmity, feud, guilt, crime, offense against God, misdeed," from Proto-Germanic *sun(d)jo- "sin" (cognates: Old Saxon sundia, Old Frisian sende, Middle Dutch sonde, Dutch zonde, German Sünde "sin, transgression, trespass, offense," extended forms), probably ultimately "it is true," i.e. "the sin is real" (compare Gothic sonjis, Old Norse sannr "true"), from PIE *snt-ya-, a collective form from *es-ont- "becoming," present participle of root *es- "to be" (see is).

The semantic development is via notion of "to be truly the one (who is guilty)," as in Old Norse phrase verð sannr at "be found guilty of," and the use of the phrase "it is being" in Hittite confessional formula. The same process probably yielded the Latin word sons (genitive sontis) "guilty, criminal" from present participle of sum, esse "to be, that which is." Some etymologists believe the Germanic word was an early borrowing directly from the Latin genitive. Also see sooth.

Sin-eater is attested from 1680s. To live in sin "cohabit without marriage" is from 1838; used earlier in a more general sense. Ice hockey slang sin bin "penalty box" is attested from 1950.
sin (v.): Old English syngian "to commit sin, transgress, err," from synn (see sin (n.)); the form influenced by the noun. Compare Old Saxon sundion, Old Frisian sendigia, Middle Dutch sondighen, Dutch zondigen, Old High German sunteon, German sündigen "to sin." Form altered from Middle English sunigen by influence of the noun.

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例句和用法

1. She was baptized and she was pure and clean of sin.: 接受了洗礼的她纯洁无瑕。

2. I committed the physician's cardinal sin: I got involved with my patients.: 我犯了从医的大忌：跟病人有了感情纠葛。

3. I was about to sink into the quicksand of sin.: 我就要陷入罪孽的深渊了。

4. The Vatican's teaching on abortion is clear: it is a sin.: 罗马教廷对堕胎的教义非常清楚：这是罪过。

5. Gluttony is a deadly sin.: 暴饮暴食是七宗罪之一。