scuttle

英 ['skʌt(ə)l] 美 ['skʌtl]

TEM8GRE

解释

n. 天窗；煤桶；筐
vi. 逃避；急促地跑
vt. 使船沉没；破坏

※ 提供单词"scuttle"的中文意思、发音示范及音标对照，中英文词源、例句和用法等。

中文词源

scuttle 碎步疾跑

改写自 scud,飞掠，疾走，-le,表反复。

scuttle 煤桶，煤斗

来自古英语 scutel,大盘子，来自拉丁语 scutella,盘子，来自 scutum,盾，圆盾，来自 PIE*skei, 切，分开，词源同 sheath,scale,shield.后词义扩大为桶，特指装煤的大桶。

scuttle 开口，开孔，凿沉船，阻止，阻挠

可能借自西班牙语 escotilla,舱口，来自 escota,在衣服上开孔，来自 escotar,剪开。比喻用法，引申词义在船底凿孔使船只沉没，并引申词义阻止，阻挠。

英文词源

scuttle: scuttle: English has three distinct words scuttle. The oldest, ‘large container’ [15] (now mainly encountered in coal-scuttle), was borrowed from Old Norse skutill, which goes back ultimately to Latin scutella ‘tray, salver’ (from which English also gets scullery and skillet). Scuttle ‘sink a ship’ [17] is a verbal use of an earlier noun scuttle ‘opening or hatch in a ship’s side’.

This was borrowed from early modern French escoutille ‘hatch’, which in turn came from Spanish escotilla, a diminutive form of escota ‘opening in a garment’. And escota was derived from escotar ‘cut out’, a compound verb formed with the prefix e- ‘out’ from the Germanic stem *skaut- (source of English sheet). Scuttle ‘run’ [17] is a variant of the now obsolete scuddle, which was derived from scud ‘move quickly’ [16]; and scud itself may have been an alteration of scut ‘rabbit’s tail’ [15] (a word of unknown origin), the underlying meaning therefore being ‘run like a rabbit’.
=> scullery, skillet; sheet; scud, scut
scuttle (n.): "bucket," late Old English scutel "dish, platter," from Latin scutella "serving platter" (source also of French écuelle, Spanish escudilla, Italian scudella "a plate, bowl"), diminutive of scutra "flat tray, dish," perhaps related to scutum "shield" (see hide (n.1)).

A common Germanic borrowing from Latin (Old Norse skutill, Middle Dutch schotel, Old High German scuzzila, German Schüssel "a dish"). Meaning "basket for sifting grain" is attested from mid-14c.; sense of "bucket for holding coal" first recorded 1849.
scuttle (v.1): "scamper, scurry," mid-15c., probably related to scud (v.). Related: Scuttled; scuttling.
I should have been a pair of ragged claws
Scuttling across the floors of silent seas.
[T.S. Eliot, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"]
scuttle (v.2): "cut a hole in a ship to sink it," 1640s, from skottell (n.) "opening in a ship's deck" (late 15c.), from Middle French escoutille (Modern French écoutille) or directly from Spanish escotilla "hatchway," diminutive of escota "opening in a garment," from escotar "cut out," perhaps from e- "out" (see ex-) + Germanic *skaut-. Figurative use is recorded from 1888. Related: Scuttled; scuttling.

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例句和用法

1. He personally had received orders from Commander Lehmann to scuttle the ship.: 他个人已收到莱曼司令要求凿沉轮船的命令。

2. Crabs scuttle along the muddy bank.: 几只螃蟹沿着泥泞的河堤快速横行。

3. Such threats could scuttle the peace conference.: 这种威胁会阻挠和平会议。

4. There was a general scuttle for shelter when the rain began to fall heavily.: 下大雨了,人们都飞跑着寻找躲雨的地方.

5. The scuttle was open, and the good daylight shone in.: 明朗的亮光从敞开的小窗中照了进来。