first

英 [fɜːst] 美 [fɝst]

CET4TEM4考研CET6

解释

adv. 第一；首先；优先；宁愿
n. 第一；开始；冠军
adj. 第一的；基本的；最早的
num. 第一
n. (First)人名；(英)弗斯特；(捷)菲尔斯特

※ 提供单词"first"的中文意思、发音示范及音标对照，中英文词源、例句和用法等。

中文词源

first 第一的

来自PIE*pre-isto, *pre, 向前，穿过，词源同far, forth. *isto, 最高级后缀。

英文词源

first: first: [OE] As its -st ending suggests, first was originally a superlative form. Its distant ancestor was Indo-European *pro, denoting ‘before, in front’ (amongst whose other descendants to have reached English are prime and the prefix proto-). Its Germanic offspring was *fur, *for (source also of English for and fore), from which the superlative *furistaz, literally ‘most in front’, was formed. Besides English first and the related Swedish först and Danish først (which etymologically are the equivalent of foremost), this has produced German fürst and Dutch vorst ‘prince’.
=> for, fore, prime
first (adj., adv.): Old English fyrst "foremost, going before all others; chief, principal," also (though rarely) as an adverb, "at first, originally," superlative of fore; from Proto-Germanic *furista- "foremost" (cognates: Old Saxon fuirst "first," Old High German furist, Old Norse fyrstr, Danish første, Old Frisian ferist, Middle Dutch vorste "prince," Dutch vorst "first," German Fürst "prince"), from PIE *pre-isto-, superlative of *pre-, from root *per- (1) "forward, through" (see per).

The usual Old English superlative word was not fyrst, but forma, which shows more clearly the connection to fore. Forma became Middle English firme "first, earliest," but this has not survived.

First aid is that given at the scene, pending the arrival of a doctor. First Lady as an informal title for the wife of a U.S. president was in use by 1908, short for First lady of the land (by 1863 with reference to the president's wife). First name is attested from mid-13c. First base "a start" in any sense (1938) is a figurative use from baseball.

First-fruits is from late 14c. as "earliest productions of the soil;" 1590s as "first results" of any activity or endeavor. First love is from 1741 as "one's first experience of romantic love;" 1971 as "one's favorite occupation or pastime." First-floor is from 1660s as "story built on or just above the ground" (now U.S.); 1865 as "story built next above the ground."
first (n.): 1560s, "that which is first," from first (adj.). Meaning "first day of the month" is by 1590s. In music, "instrument or voice that takes the highest or chief part of its class," 1774. From 1909 as the name of the lowest gear in an engine. In British schools colloquial use, "highest rank in an examination," 1850.

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例句和用法

1. English has hurt me a thousand times, but I still regard it as my first love.: 英语伤我千百遍，我待英语如初恋。

2. I picked first all the people who usually were left till last.: 我先挑出了所有通常留到最后的人。

3. Their first car rolls off the production line on December 16.: 他们的第一辆车于12月16日下线。

4. They were still arguing the toss about the first goal.: 他们仍在为第一个进球争论不休。

5. It is better to stretch the tight muscles first.: 最好先伸展一下僵硬的肌肉。