excise

英 ['eksaɪz] 美 [ɛk'saɪz]

GRE

解释

vt. 切除；收税
n. 消费税；货物税

※ 提供单词"excise"的中文意思、发音示范及音标对照，中英文词源、例句和用法等。

中文词源

excise 消费税

来自拉丁语accensum, 评估，估税，来自词根cens,评估，审查，词源同census. 因词义与excise有所重合，因而拼写受excise影响俗化。

excise 切除，删除

ex-, 向外。-cis, 砍，切，词源同decide, circumcise.

英文词源

excise: excise: English has two words excise. The one meaning ‘tax’ [15] is essentially a Dutch usage. English borrowed it in the late 15th century from Middle Dutch excijs, which came via Old French acceis from Vulgar Latin *accēnsum, a compound noun formed from the Latin prefix ad- ‘against, to’ and cēnsus ‘tax’ (source of English census [17]).

At first it was used broadly for any ‘tax’, but in 1643 (following the example of Holland) it was officially adopted as the term for a tax imposed on certain forms of goods (originally domestically produced or imported, but since the 19th century only domestically produced – the tax on imports being termed customs duty). Dr Johnson in his Dictionary 1755 defined excise as ‘a hateful tax levied upon commodities, and ajudged not by the common judges of property, but by wretches hired by those to whome excise is paid’. Excise ‘cut out’ [16] comes from the past participle of Latin excīdere, a compound verb formed from the prefix ex- ‘out’ and caedere ‘cut’ (source also of English concise, decide, and incision).
=> census, concise, decide, incision
excise (n.): "tax on goods," late 15c., from Middle Dutch excijs (early 15c.), apparently altered from accijs "tax" (by influence of Latin excisus "cut out or removed," see excise (v.)), traditionally from Old French acceis "tax, assessment" (12c.), from Vulgar Latin *accensum, ultimately from Latin ad- "to" (see ad-) + census "tax, census" (see census). English got the word, and the idea for the tax, from Holland.
excise (v.): "cut out," 1570s, from Middle French exciser, from Latin excisus, past participle of excidere "cut out, cut down, cut off," from ex- "out" (see ex-) + -cidere, comb. form of caedere "to cut down" (see -cide). Related: Excised; excising.

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例句和用法

1. They are pressing the Chancellor to reduce excise duty on beer.: 他们正给总理施压，要求降低啤酒的消费税。

2. new excise duties on low-alcohol drinks: 低酒精饮料新的消费税

3. Customs and excise receipts rose 2.5 per cent.: 关税及消费税收入提高了2.5%.

4. New car buyers and smokers will be hit by increases in taxes and excise.: 税率和消费税的提高将使新车买主和烟民受到打击。

5. Hardly had he returned to London than an anonymous well-wisher called to say he was about to be raided by Customs & Excise.: 他刚回到伦敦，就有一个不愿透露姓名的好心人打来电话说，他即将面临海关的突击检查。