cousin

英 ['kʌz(ə)n] 美 ['kʌzn]

CET4TEM4考研CET6

解释

n. 堂兄弟姊妹；表兄弟姊妹

※ 提供单词"cousin"的中文意思、发音示范及音标对照，中英文词源、例句和用法等。

中文词源

cousin 表亲

来自拉丁词consobrinus, 表亲，来自sobr-, 姐妹，词源同sister, sorority. 即母亲的姐妹的子女。

英文词源

cousin: cousin: [13] The word cousin is etymologically related to sister. It comes via Old French cosin from Latin consobrīnus, which meant literally ‘child of one’s mother’s sister’ – that is, ‘cousin on one’s mother’s side’ (consobrīnus was a compound noun formed from the prefix com- ‘together’ and sobrīnus ‘maternal cousin’, a derivative of soror ‘sister’ and relative of English sister).

By the time it entered English, it had already broadened out in meaning to cover paternal as well as maternal cousins, and indeed in the Middle Ages it was applied more generally still to any relative other than one’s parents or brother and sister (probably through association with Latin consanguineus ‘blood relative’).
=> sister
cousin (n.): mid-12c., from Old French cosin (12c., Modern French cousin) "nephew, kinsman, cousin," from Latin consobrinus "cousin," originally "mother's sister's son," from com- "together" (see com-) + sobrinus (earlier *sosrinos) "cousin on mother's side," from soror (genitive sororis) "sister."

Italian cugino, Danish kusine, Polish kuzyn also are from French. German vetter is from Old High German fetiro "uncle," perhaps on the notion of "child of uncle." Words for cousin tend to drift to "nephew" on the notion of "father's nephew."

Many IE languages (including Irish, Sanskrit, Slavic, and some of the Germanic tongues) have or had separate words for some or all of the eight possible "cousin" relationships, such as Latin, which along with consobrinus had consobrina "mother's sister's daughter," patruelis "father's brother's son," atruelis "mother's brother's son," amitinus "father's sister's son," etc. Old English distinguished fæderan sunu "father's brother's son," modrigan sunu "mother's sister's son," etc.

Used familiarly as a term of address since early 15c., especially in Cornwall. Phrase kissing cousin is Southern U.S. expression, 1940s, apparently denoting "those close enough to be kissed in salutation;" Kentish cousin (1796) is an old British term for "distant relative."

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例句和用法

1. I tried again to get ahold of my cousin Joan.: 我再次尝试联系我的表妹琼。

2. Her cousin, a hairdresser, was perming her hair as a special treat.: 她表兄是美发师，正在免费给她烫发。

3. George ducked out of his forced marriage to a cousin.: 乔治逃脱了和他表亲的包办婚姻。

4. Allow me to present my wife's cousin, Mr Zachary Colenso.: 请允许我介绍我妻子的表哥，扎卡里·科伦索先生。

5. He tracked down his cousin and uncle. The latter was sick.: 他追查到了堂弟和叔叔的下落，发现叔叔这时正在病中。