church

英 [tʃɜːtʃ] 美 [tʃɝtʃ]

CET4TEM4考研CET6

解释

n. 教堂；礼拜；教派
adj. 教会的；礼拜的
vt. 领…到教堂接受宗教仪式
n. (Church)人名；(英)丘奇

※ 提供单词"church"的中文意思、发音示范及音标对照，中英文词源、例句和用法等。

中文词源

church 教堂

来自PIE*keue, 膨胀，增强，词源同cumulative,accumulate. 词义由膨胀外延到强大，强壮，上帝，上帝的世俗所在，其方言变体kirk.

英文词源

church: church: [OE] Etymologically, a church is the ‘Lord’s house’. Its ultimate source is Greek kūrios ‘lord, master’ (perhaps most familiar nowadays from the words of the choral mass kyrie eleison ‘lord have mercy’). The adjective derived from this was kūriakós, whose use in the phrase ‘house of the lord’ led to its use as a noun, kūrikón. The medieval Greek form, kūrkón ‘house of worship’ was borrowed into West Germanic as *kirika, producing eventually German kirche and English church. The Scots form kirk comes from Old Norse kirkja, which in turn was borrowed from Old English.
=> kirk, kyrie
church (n.): Old English cirice, circe "church, public place of worship; Christians collectively," from Proto-Germanic *kirika (cognates: Old Saxon kirika, Old Norse kirkja, Old Frisian zerke, Middle Dutch kerke, Dutch kerk, Old High German kirihha, German Kirche), probably [see note in OED] from Greek kyriake (oikia), kyriakon doma "Lord's (house)," from kyrios "ruler, lord," from PIE root *keue- "to swell" ("swollen," hence "strong, powerful"); see cumulus. Phonetic spelling from c. 1200, established by 16c. For vowel evolution, see bury. As an adjective from 1570s.

Greek kyriakon (adj.) "of the Lord" was used of houses of Christian worship since c.300, especially in the East, though it was less common in this sense than ekklesia or basilike. An example of the direct Greek-to-Germanic progress of many Christian words, via the Goths; it probably was used by West Germanic people in their pre-Christian period.

Also picked up by Slavic, probably via Germanic (Old Church Slavonic criky, Russian cerkov). Finnish kirkko, Estonian kirrik are from Scandinavian. Romance and Celtic languages use variants of Latin ecclesia (such as French église, 11c.).

Church-bell was in late Old English. Church-goer is from 1680s. Church key is early 14c.; slang use for "can or bottle opener" is by 1954, probably originally U.S. college student slang. Church-mouse, proverbial in many languages for its poverty, is 1731 in English.
church (v.): "to bring or lead to church," mid-14c., from church (n.). Related: Churched.

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例句和用法

1. He was confirmed as a member of the Church of England.: 他领受了坚振礼，成为英国国教会的一员。

2. The building he was lodged in turned out to be a church.: 原来，他租住的那栋建筑是一座教堂。

3. He maintained an ambivalent attitude to the Church throughout his long life.: 在他漫长的一生中，他对基督教信仰始终是一种摇摆不定的态度。

4. Naomi used to go to church in Granville every Sunday.: 娜奥米以前每个星期天都去格兰维尔的教堂做礼拜。

5. Lesley's career in the church is vitally important to her.: 莱斯莉在教堂的工作经历对她来说至关重要。