caste

英 [kɑːst] 美 [kæst]

解释

※ 提供单词"caste"的中文意思、发音示范及音标对照，中英文词源、例句和用法等。

caste 种姓制度

来自PIE *kes, 砍，切，进一步来自PIE*sek, 词源同saw, segment。本义为纯粹的，后用来指印度的严格的种姓制度。

caste: caste: [16] Caste has no etymological connection with cast. It is borrowed from Spanish and Portuguese casta ‘race, breed’, a nominal use of the adjective casta ‘pure’, from Latin castus (source of English chaste). The notion underlying the word thus appears to be ‘racial purity’. Use of casta by the Portuguese in India with reference to the Hindu social groupings led to its being adopted in this sense by English in the 17th century.
=> chaste, incest
caste (n.): 1550s, "a race of men," from Latin castus "chaste," from castus "cut off, separated; pure" (via notion of "cut off" from faults), past participle of carere "to be cut off from" (and related to castration), from PIE *kas-to-, from root *kes- "to cut" (cognates: Latin cassus "empty, void"). Originally spelled cast in English and later often merged with cast (n.) in its secondary sense "sort, kind, style."

Application to Hindu social groups was picked up by English in India 1610s from Portuguese casta "breed, race, caste," earlier casta raça, "unmixed race," from the same Latin word. The current spelling of of the English word is from this reborrowing. Caste system is first recorded 1840.

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1. Caste is defined primarily by social honour attained through personal life-style.: 社会等级制度主要是通过个人生活方式赢得的社会荣誉来确定。

4. The priestly caste does not normally intermarry with the warrior caste.: 教士阶级通常不与武土阶级通婚.